abstract：BACKGROUND:As part of a 3-year demonstration project to improve pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) coverage among older adults, the Minnesota Department of Health conducted a baseline evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among the general public regarding PPV. METHODS:A random-digit dialing telephone...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Ehresmann KR,Ramesh A,Como-Sabetti K,Peterson DC,Whitney CG,Moore KA

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies on children and adolescents suggest a large increase in the role of snacking; however, little is know about changes in the snacking behavior of young adults. METHODS:USDA's nationally representative surveys from 1977-1978 to 1994-1996 are used to study snacking trends among 8,493 persons 19-29 years...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Zizza C,Siega-Riz AM,Popkin BM

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:5 a Day for Better Health is a simple message encouraging people to eat more fruits and vegetables. The Seattle 5 a Day worksite investigators designed and evaluated an intervention, organized on stages of behavioral change, to increase worksitewide fruit and vegetable consumption. METHODS:We recruited 28 w...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Beresford SA,Thompson B,Feng Z,Christianson A,McLerran D,Patrick DL

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous register studies have shown that mortality rates and disability pension statistics favor Swedish-speakers when compared to their Finnish-speaking neighbors in the same bilingual region in Finland. The purpose of the present questionnaire survey was to determine whether the Swedish-speaking community...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Hyyppä MT,Mäki J

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine the validity of tobacco questionnaires when using as gold standard either a single biomarker or a combination of two biomarkers. METHODS:The methods were self-reported smoking compared with salivary thiocyanate and expired carbon monoxide in a 1996, population-bas...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Morabia A,Bernstein MS,Curtin F,Berode M

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Analyses of secular trends in tobacco consumption can provide evidence of potential tobacco-disease relationships and have utility in terms of public health projections and policy. The purpose of this project was to provide a unique set of continuous apparent tobacco product consumption estimates for the Uni...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Psoter WJ,Morse DE

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current state-of-the-science for interventions to increase bone mass gains in children and adolescents using weight-bearing physical activity or calcium supplementation. METHODS:Studies were located using computerized and manual searches of the empirical literatu...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： French SA,Fulkerson JA,Story M

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Measles vaccination at ages 12-15 months is a routine part of standard health care in developed countries. Nonetheless, the prevention and control of measles outbreaks remain a challenge, owing to incomplete or variable compliance with immunization programs and primary vaccine failure (approximately 5%). In ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Gdalevich M,Ephros M,Mimouni D,Grotto I,Shpilberg O,Eldad A,Ashkenazi I

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:There are few theoretically derived questionnaires of physical activity determinants among youth, and the existing questionnaires have not been subjected to tests of factorial validity and invariance. The present study employed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factorial validity and invariance ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Motl RW,Dishman RK,Trost SG,Saunders RP,Dowda M,Felton G,Ward DS,Pate RR

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We studied the contribution of physical load in daily activities, including activities in work, housekeeping, and leisure time, to the burden of low back problems (LBP) in the population. METHODS:Logistic regression models were used to calculate the association between physical load and several LBP paramete...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Picavet HS,Schouten JS

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Women age 50 years and older are in need of multiple preventive health care services. Despite recent improvements in rates of delivery of preventive care services, especially within managed care organizations, substantial numbers of women are still being underscreened. Efforts to improve delivery of preventi...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Harpole LH,McBride C,Strigo TS,Lobach D

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Physicians prescribing nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), or health plans covering NRT, often want their patients to receive adjuvant behavioral treatment. However, how to do that in a "real world" is unclear. This paper reports results from a public health program that uses proactive telephone counseling a...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Zhu SH,Tedeschi G,Anderson CM,Rosbrook B,Byrd M,Johnson CE,Gutiérrez-Terrell E

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Amid current changes in health care access across the United States, the importance of health insurance status and insurance type relative to demographic, actual, and perceived health variables as determinants of screening for breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer is uncertain. This analysis evaluates the ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Hsia J,Kemper E,Kiefe C,Zapka J,Sofaer S,Pettinger M,Bowen D,Limacher M,Lillington L,Mason E

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing regular physical activity in adults at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease is an important target for preventive medicine. This study evaluated demographic, social and cognitive predictors of self-reported changes in physical activity after 4 and 12 months in a randomized trial of behavioral c...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Steptoe A,Rink E,Kerry S

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Based on current trends, smoking will remain a major public health problem in the 21st century. Effective smoking prevention approaches offer the best hope for decreasing the rise in adolescent smoking rates. Competence enhancement approaches to smoking prevention are among the most successful. Yet, there is...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Epstein JA,Griffin KW,Botvin GJ

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Regular physical activity in older adults can facilitate healthy aging, improve functional capacity, and prevent disease. However, factors associated with physical inactivity in older populations are poorly understood. This study attempts to identify social-cognitive and perceived environmental influences as...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Booth ML,Owen N,Bauman A,Clavisi O,Leslie E

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the U.S. Navy mandated Total Quality Leadership (TQL) as a management strategy throughout its medical department in the early 1990s, it was unknown to what extent it was being used for health promotion activities and, if so, how effectively. METHODS:A brief mail survey of 204 Navy commands suppleme...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Hourani LL,Hurtado SL

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetes has an enormous impact on the health care system and individuals. Dietary habits, exercise, weight management, and smoking status are critical to management and prevention of complications. This study describes the prevalence of these behaviors and their change over time in a national sample ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Nothwehr F,Stump T

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study evaluated the effects of a school-based dietary intervention program to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among fourth-graders. METHODS:Twenty-eight elementary schools were randomized to an immediate intervention condition or to a delayed intervention control condition. Measures of diet an...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Reynolds KD,Franklin FA,Binkley D,Raczynski JM,Harrington KF,Kirk KA,Person S

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Few comprehensive pedestrian safety interventions for primary-school-age children have been developed and evaluated. This paper reports the impact of the 3-year (1995-1997) Child Pedestrian In jury Prevention Project (CPIPP) on a cohort of 1603 children followed from age 6 to 9 years. This multicomponent pro...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Cross D,Stevenson M,Hall M,Burns S,Laughlin D,Officer J,Howat P

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Health professionals are credible sources of smoking cessation advice. This study describes changes in health professionals' reported provision of smoking cessation counseling activities for women during a community health education project that took place in two intervention counties (I) and compares these ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Secker-Walker RH,Dana GS,Solomon LJ,Flynn BS,Geller BM

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The workplace provides a useful setting for early identification and intervention with individuals who have unhealthy lifestyles. The objective was to evaluate the effects of a workplace-based lifestyle intervention (Workscreen) to reduce excessive drinking. METHOD:There were eight Australia Post networks r...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Richmond R,Kehoe L,Heather N,Wodak A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Prior studies of recall accuracy for screening mammogram behavior have examined relatively homogeneous groups. Data are limited on possible systematic group differences, so we evaluated women's recall accuracy in two separate care systems in one city. Methods. Women 50 to 70 years old with and without screen...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Lawrence VA,De Moor C,Glenn ME

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The relationships between trait anxiety, or anxiety proneness, and smoking and between trait anxiety and smoking cessation, among an adult population were investigated. METHODS:The subjects were 2,669 male Japanese personnel working for a Japanese government agency. Participants completed a self-administered...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Takemura Y,Akanuma M,Kikuchi S,Inaba Y

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We summarize here the evidence from the 1960s and 1970s of exceptionally high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Finland. In parallel with voluntary and governmental prevention programs, the level of risk factors and CVD attack rates have shown dramatic improvement in the past 25 years, but the decline has slowed...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Vartiainen E,Puska P,Jousilahti P,Korhonen HJ

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Only a small fraction of the health-care dollar is directed toward lifestyle changes that would reduce the social burden from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Here we discuss the challenge, opportunity, methods, and potential for managed care to implement risk reduction strategies and preventive care. A systematic team ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Smith SC Jr

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primordial prevention seeks to prevent future disease by influencing its social determinants. Henry Blackburn's writings are prime portrayals of social factors causing premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). His classic paper, Diet and Mass Hyperlipidemia, identified changes needed in professional attitudes, medical e...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Farquhar JW

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It is proposed that the mechanism responsible for the low plasma cholesterol-cancer associations reported in the literature is related to blood and tissue levels of cholesterol precursors and products, reflecting rates of cholesterol synthesis rather than the plasma cholesterol level itself. METHODS:Data ha...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Larking PW

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies investigating predictors of influenza vaccine acceptance have focused on high-risk patients or health care workers. Few studies have examined flu shot acceptance among healthy adults in workplace settings, even though influenza vaccine is recommended for this group as well. METHODS:Two stud...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Chapman GB,Coups EJ

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about the perception of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM), and whether perceptions are influenced by a family history of breast cancer. It is also unclear what factors may play a role in selecting BPM for follow-up care. METHODS:Samples of predominantly Caucasian, well-educated women w...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Stefanek M,Enger C,Benkendorf J,Flamm Honig S,Lerman C

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study was undertaken to evaluate a smoking cessation intervention provided to women smokers as follow-up to cervical cancer screening. METHODS:Women who had had a Pap test in the prior month (N = 4,053) were called to complete a survey that assessed smoking status; 580 identified smokers were randomized...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： McBride CM,Scholes D,Grothaus LC,Curry SJ,Ludman E,Albright J

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of breast cancer is unclear. We assessed the association in a hospital-based case-control study. METHODS:The cases (n = 6558) were compared with cancer controls (n = 3296) and noncancer controls admitted for trauma or acute infection (n...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Coogan PF,Rao SR,Rosenberg L,Palmer JR,Strom BL,Zauber AG,Stolley PD,Shapiro S

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The introduction of bans on smoking in restaurants is frequently marred by claims that they will lead to a loss of business. METHODS:A representative sample of 3,019 South Australians age 15+ years were asked questions about dining-out frequency and perceived effects of the ban on their dining-out enjoyment...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Wakefield M,Roberts L,Miller C

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of university students regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS:A random sample of 500 university students was mailed a self-administered questionnaire that elicited their knowledge and awareness about HPV and compare...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Yacobi E,Tennant C,Ferrante J,Pal N,Roetzheim R

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The WISEWOMAN projects are examining the feasibility and effectiveness of adding a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention component to a nationwide program of early detection for breast and cervical cancer aimed at financially disadvantaged women. This paper describes the rationale and design of the WISEWOM...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors：

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The associations among cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with recent screening mammograms were evaluated among women ages 50 years and older. METHODS:The sample included 946 white and African-American women ages 50 years and older from the 1995 Maryland Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. Bivariate and l...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Fredman L,Sexton M,Cui Y,Althuis M,Wehren L,Hornbeck P,Kanarek N

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The epidemiologic observation that physical activity reduces the risk for hypertension has only been made for white men who self-reported hypertension. This study examined physical activity and clinically determined incident hypertension in black and white men and women of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communi...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Pereira MA,Folsom AR,McGovern PG,Carpenter M,Arnett DK,Liao D,Szklo M,Hutchinson RG

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In this paper two large nationwide trials are described, both of which will test a comparable telephone-based counseling intervention to promote cancer screening among the first-degree relatives (FDRs) of breast and colorectal cancer patients. The unit of randomization will be the family unit of eligible FDR...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Marcus AC,Ahnen D,Cutter G,Calonge N,Russell S,Sedlacek SM,Wood M,Manchester D,Fox L,McCaskill-Stevens W,Fairclough D,Hines S,Wenzel L,Osborn K

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Lifetime risk estimates of disease are limited by long-term data extrapolations and are less relevant to individuals who have already lived a period of time without the disease, but are approaching the age at which the disease risk becomes common. In contrast, short-term age-conditional risk estimates, such ...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： Merrill RM,Kessler LG,Udler JM,Rasband GC,Feuer EJ

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the literature on increased physical fitness and psychological outcomes has grown large, a number of methodological limitations remain unaddressed. The present study was designed to address a number of these limitations while examining the short- and long-term psychological effects following complet...

journal_title：Preventive medicine

authors： DiLorenzo TM,Bargman EP,Stucky-Ropp R,Brassington GS,Frensch PA,LaFontaine T

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00